Who Is Considered a Minor?
In the context of Canadian immigration, a minor child is someone who has not reached the age of majority. This age varies by province:
- 18 years old: Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan
- 19 years old: British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Yukon
When Do Minors Need a Study Permit?
A study permit is required if the minor:
- Is not a Canadian citizen or permanent resident, and
- Will attend a public or private primary or secondary school in Canada, and
- Plans to study for more than six months
A study permit is not required if the minor:
- Will study in Canada for six months or less, and
- Has another valid status (e.g. visitor record), and
- Does not plan to extend their stay or transition to a longer program
However, it’s often recommended to apply for a study permit even for short-term programs, especially if future studies in Canada are anticipated.
Custodianship Requirements
Minors who come to Canada without a parent or legal guardian must have a custodian — a responsible adult who lives in Canada and will care for and support the child.
Custodian Documentation Includes:
- Notarized Custodianship Declaration: One form signed by the custodian in Canada and one signed by the parents/legal guardians in the home country
- Must be included with the study permit application
Proof of School Admission
To apply for a study permit, the minor must have a Letter of Acceptance from a Designated Learning Institution (DLI). For elementary and secondary students, most schools are DLIs by default.
Note:
- In Quebec, minors must also obtain a Québec Acceptance Certificate (CAQ).
Proof of Financial Support
Parents or sponsors must show they can:
- Pay for the child’s tuition
- Cover living expenses and housing
- Provide transportation and healthcare insurance
Study Permit Validity and Extensions
- The study permit is usually issued for the duration of the school year or program, plus 90 days.
- If the student transitions from elementary to secondary school or moves to a new province, a new study permit may be needed.
- Extensions must be applied for before the current permit expires.
Minors Already in Canada
Some minors can study in Canada without a study permit if:
- Their parents are already in Canada with a valid study or work permit
Still, getting a study permit may be required to ensure access to all services and to allow for a smoother transition to post-secondary education.
